5-GHz V2V Channel Characteristics for Parking Garages

Aiming for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure applications, we provide radio propagation channel characterization results for parking garage channels in the 5 GHz, based on experimental data collected in four typical above-ground parking garages. As a common scenario in urban or suburban settings, such garages provide an indoor propagation environment for vehicular communication systems. Multiple measurements were conducted to characterize the parking garage channel, including same floor and different floor measurements, with and without line of sight, with full and empty garages, and in both motionless and mobile conditions. Path loss, small-scale fading Ricean K-factor, and root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS) are quantified. Statistical tapped delay line models with Markov chains that describe the birth/death of multipath components are also provided. Our results provide channel impulse responses for in-garage driving tests, allowing the performance of V2V communication systems in parking garages to be evaluated or simulated based upon the channel models provided in this paper.