A Multistandard Method of Network Analyzer Self-Calibration—Generalization of Multiline TRL

This paper presents a statistical self-calibration procedure for two-port vector network analyzers (VNAs). It is a generalization of the Multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) method and allows to combine the information of multiple A-standards, which can be realized by any matched networks. Moreover, the reflect standard is replaced by a more general network standard as a symmetrical network that may have nonzero transmission. In consequence, this method offers more flexibility in the choice of calibration standards and an extended bandwidth especially toward lower frequencies. At the same time, the improved accuracy over conventional methods persists, as well as the simple implementation, avoiding iterative solutions. The presented error analysis yields some new insights on the choice of calibration standards. In addition, a method is provided to modify the performed weighting of the information of different standards.