CPS as an Engineering and Computing Domain
In the course of the study, experts in a wide array of industrial sectors—including agriculture, transportation, and medical devices—reported the changing nature of their products and services as well as the corresponding challenges they face in recruiting engineers with the required skills. Thus, multiple paths to teaching CPS knowledge are required to meet labor demands. For example, CPS survey courses taught at the undergraduate level will provide students with a basic understanding of such systems and the key challenges to their design, which will be necessary in any engineering discipline, including aerospace, civil, or mechanical. In addition, engineering programs that include a CPS concentration or focus would accordingly provide a stronger, more deliberate foundation for CPS work. In addition, we posit the need for a new type of engineer—a CPS engineer—along with a corresponding bachelor's-level CPS engineering degree to create a cadre of engineers well versed in both the cyber and physical issues to meet growing industry needs for this expertise.