I. Introduction
Rotating machinery has an important role in various industries, such as the fields of industrial manufacturing, aerospace, and transportation. Rolling bearings are a critical component in rotating machinery and operate at high speeds in a complex working environment for long periods of time. As a result, damage failures inevitably occur, resulting in accidents and reduced efficiency. Therefore, the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is of great significance in ensuring the safe operation of rotating machinery [1], [2], [3].