I. Introduction
The vulnerability of electric and electronic systems subjected to the intense electromagnetic environments (EMEs), such as the intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP), may cause the serious disorder or disaster to the society, such as the power grid, communication, and traffic command systems [1]–[4]. It is regarded as one hard and complex task to assess such system-level EME effects (E3) because the task has the following features.