A Comprehensive Review on Opportunities and Challenges of Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources

The global shift towards sustainable energy has accelerated the integration of Variable Renewable Energy Resources (VRER), such as solar and wind, into mainstream power generation. While VRER offer immense potential for reducing carbon emissions and advancing energy sustainability, their inherent variability poses unique challenges for seamless integration into existing power grids. This paper comprehensively explores challenges and opportunities associated with the efficient grid integration of VRER. A key focus of the paper is to maintain system stability and reliability while improving the economic benefits of incorporating VRER. By offering a balanced examination of challenges and opportunities, this paper aims to guide stakeholders in developing effective policies, technologies, and strategies for navigating the complex landscape of VRER grid integration. Ultimately, the insights presented contribute to realizing a sustainable and resilient future energy system.