Measurements of Diffraction of Lunar Regolith for Radio Propagation Analysis

The authors aim to deploy mobile communications technologies like 5G/6G on the moon to support future lunar habitation initiatives like Artemis Basecamp. Our initial focus involves revealing the radio propagation characteristics specific to lunar environment. We have already published the measured reflection coefficients of a lunar regolith simulant, demonstrating the equivalence between the reflection coefficient of lunar regolith and dry concrete. Furthermore, we have observed a minor increase in diffraction losses with diffraction angle, suggesting potential use of diffracted waves for non-line-of-sight communication. Additionally, we are preparing to measure scattering characteristics using the NRL Arch Method. The ultimate objective is to design mobile communication zones meticulously and effectively on the moon. We also present a preliminary design example.