Different Temperature Distributions During the Formation of Cathode Spot Crater in Vacuum Arcs

The 2D axisymmetric model of crater with flowable heat transfer is combined with the mass, momentum, and heat transfer equations. However, it is considered that the initial cold cathode surface does not have current density. Under the new simulation condition of electric field, two typical distributions of temperature are obtained for different external parameters. At higher pressure relative to the heating efficiency, a distribution of temperature on droplet head much higher than the central area is formed. When the heating efficiency is large enough, the temperature of central area increases continuously, resulting in the same temperature as the metal droplet head.