Collaborative Planning for Retirement of Coal-Fired Power Plants and Energy Storage Considering Frequency Security Constraints

The retirement of Coal-fired Power Plants (CFPPs) during the “carbon neutral” process leads to a reduction in the level of inertia of the power system. Battery energy storage system (BESS) can provide virtual inertia support for the system due to its fast response capability. Therefore, a collaborative planning of CFPPs' retirement and BESS configuration considering frequency security constraints is proposed. To accurately capture the inertia requirements during CFPPs' retirement, a robust unit combination model considering frequency security constraints (Rate of change of frequency and frequency nadir) and variable renewable energy (VRE) uncertainty is embedded in the medium- and long-term planning model and simulated with typical days. The frequency safety constraints consider the responses of CFPPs and BESS and are solved by the nested column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) method. Finally, the case is analyzed from the perspective of CFPPs' retirement, and the results show that a reasonable configuration of BESS helps to maintain the frequency safety while CFPPs' retirement.