Electric Vehicles and Grid Dynamics: Navigating Charging Strategies for Enhanced Stability and Sustainability

The recent surge in electric vehicle penetration presents a dual-edged scenario for power grids worldwide. On one hand, EVs offer valuable grid support functions through diverse operational modes, enhancing grid resilience and flexibility. On the other hand, this increasing penetration raises significant challenges, particularly concerning grid stability and safety. A critical aspect of this dynamic is the method of EV charging, which broadly falls into two categories: uncontrolled and controlled charging. Uncontrolled charging, while convenient for users, introduces substantial risks to the grid, potentially leading to technical problems such as voltage deviations and overloaded infrastructure due to escalating charging demands. Proposing the dilemma faced by system operators: the need to support the growth of EVs for a more sustainable future while ensuring the reliability and stability of the power grid. This paper proposes an analysis of the impact of different charging strategies on influencing EVs penetration without compromising grid integrity. By examining the effects of controlled versus un- controlled charging methods, this study aims to provide insights and guidelines for optimizing EV integration into power systems, thereby supporting the transition towards a more sustainable and reliable energy future.