Game Theory-Based EV Aggregator Operation Framework to Provide Flexibility Considering Transportation Conditions

Recently, the increase of distributed energy resources (DERs) in specific areas has led to various problems in the existing power system, such as supply-demand imbalance, voltage instability, and transmission congestion. Therefore, various studies have been focused on stabilizing the power system by providing flexibility through DERs. In the power system, electric vehicles (EVs) are a DER and provide various services However, because EVs are also affected by the transportation system, it is difficult to consider only one system's perspective. Therefore, in this paper, EV aggregator (EVA) operation framework to provide flexibility by considering the transportation system is proposed. The Distribution system operator requests the EVA to provide flexibility at each charging station based on the optimal power flow. If a charging station is unable to provide flexibility with its charging state, the EVA recruits EVs through non-cooperative game-based price coordination with neighboring EVs per EVCS. The neighboring EVs decide whether to charge or not based on their own preferences and benefits, and the EVCS maintains a strategy to meet its revenue and flexibility performance rate. The simulation environment is based on MA TLAB, and it has been validated that the benefits of participants improve.