A Novel Shaped Symmetric Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna by Binary Material Optimization

This paper presents a novel approach to design Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRA) with distinctive shape by leveraging binary material optimization. In this method, a traditional solid bulk DRA structure was partitioned into multiple smaller blocks, each assigned with a unique permittivity variable. This allocation was carefully orchestrated to ensure a symmetrical material distribution within the resonator. A genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the material profile, leading to the creation of a newly shaped DRA. The proposed design yields an impressive 104% fractional bandwidth covering the frequency range from 4.54 to 14.41 GHz at
$S_{11}=- 10 dB$
with peak gain of 5.1 dB. This bandwidth represents a significant improvement over the original bulk DRA design, Showcasing the effectiveness and potential of the binary material optimization technique in enhancing antenna performance.