Forest Fire Detection Techniques Based on IoT Technology: Review

Protecting forests from fires is very important, as they are vast areas that contain many resources that serve life on Earth, as well as their impact on the climate. Despite all the strenuous attempts to reduce wildfires, they still persist and cause environmental disasters. In recent years, researchers have been interested in the early detection of forest fires by using different technologies, such as using satellite images and drones, in addition to using sensors and network systems (wireless sensor networks), and after the development of networks and the emergence of the Internet of Things technology, which has become the focus of researchers' attention, By linking it to other technologies. This article discusses the types of forest fires, their causes, and their effects on the environment, as well as a literature review of some researchers interested in detecting forest fires, in addition to some statistics on forest fires. Some of the techniques used to detect forest fires have been explained, as well as the methodologies used by these techniques to detect wildfires, in addition to a comparison between them. A comparison discussion of the techniques used in detecting forest fires showed that the Internet of Things technology is the best in the early detection of fires and at the lowest costs, with the improvement of the sensor nodes localization, as well as the improvement routing of data transmission over the network by using optimization algorithms.