Optimal Operation of Smart Grids in the Presence of Photovoltaic Units

Photovoltaic (PV) energy resources are widely used and used in distribution networks. If the PV systems are used optimally, other parameters of the distribution network can be improved in addition to feeding them into the grid and supplying the load. In this article, PV resources were used to improve the daily voltage profile and reduce the losses of smart grids considering the loads and solar energy uncertainties. Furthermore, the proposed optimization problem is solved by ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The results of the simulation on the 33-bus feeder show that when used optimally, PVs can have a positive effect on losses and grid voltage.