Determining Energy Storage Systems Capacity for Preventing Cascading Outages During Primary Control: A Dynamic Study

This paper presents a study aimed at determining the optimal capacity of energy storage systems required to prevent frequency instability and cascading outages of power plants during the operation of primary control measures. Unlike previously proposed methods that usually ignore the dynamic response of power systems, accurate load modeling, and the factors affecting the primary control actions, this study considers the dynamic behavior of conventional power plants with high ramp rates that are able to participate in primary frequency control. Furthermore, the optimal capacity needed to prevent frequency instability and cascading outage is determined considering composite load model (combination of static and dynamic loads), which can increase the accuracy of the proposed method. Also, this article considers the effect of the protection system, whose operation may cause the cascading tripping of the power plant and intensify the mismatch of power. The results of dynamic simulations performed in the IEEE 39-Bus test system show the significant role of battery capacity in maintaining frequency stability and preventing power outages.