Enhancing Smart Grid Security through Battery Energy Storage Integration: A Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Approach

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is a main study for optimizing power system operations while ensuring security. This article presents an innovative SCUC model that incorporates battery energy storage systems (BESS) to manage the variability introduced by renewable energy sources like wind and solar. The model accounts for BESS charging, discharging, and system security implications. This study employs the Performance Index of the Line's Flow to screen and rank contingencies, identifying critical generators and transmission lines to be included in the SCUC problem. Linear sensitivity analysis coefficients, including Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF) and Line Outage Distribution Factor (LODF), are calculated for these elements. Four operational scenarios are analyzed using 118-bus system, revealing that BESS integration can reduce operational costs, particularly when cost differentials between peak and off-peak periods are substantial. However, in cases with minimal cost differences, relying solely on BESS for peak load power generation may not yield significant savings. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing power systems, enhancing grid security, and maximizing storage technology utilization in pursuit of cleaner and more efficient electrical grids.