Design Considerations for Virtual Impedance and Virtual Synchronous Generators in Inverter-Based Generators

Integrating variable energy resources plays a vital role in achieving energy sustainability and transitioning away from fossil fuels for a greener environment. However, numerous challenges hinder the widespread utilization of these resources. A prominent challenge lies in their interface with the grid through power electronic devices, necessitating intricate control systems to emulate conventional synchronous generators. This paper addresses the integration challenges, identifies current limitations in control methods, and highlights the critical functionalities of virtual impedance and virtual synchronous generators. Additionally, the paper presents design considerations for virtual impedance and virtual synchronous machines, aiming to identify the gaps in general guidelines and diverse approaches for implementing these technologies. Finally, the paper outlines future directions for the design of virtual impedance and virtual synchronous generators.