Secure V2V Ad Hoc Routing Protocol Using Digital Signatures

With the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems in recent years, the importance of Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) as a network infrastructure has increased. It is known that routing protocols with the authentication mechanism by using digital signatures effectively secure communication in VANETs. However, it is not clear to what extent such authentication mechanisms will affect communication performance. In this study, we examine the influence of two digital signature algorithms, Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), which is commonly used in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) ad hoc networks. Traffic data in the vicinity of Nagoya station was obtained and a mobility model of the vehicles was created using a traffic simulator, Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO). Through simulation experiments using network simulator-3 (ns-3), we examined the effectiveness of the two authentication mechanisms, their load on the network, and their scalability to the number of nodes in the same area. The results showed that the authentications mechanism did not affect the packet delivery rate. In addition, ECDSA was found to be more scalable than DSA in the sense that the increase both in overhead size and in processing time with the number of vehicles is lower.