Research on the Influence Factors of Low-Temperature Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Flow Analysis

With the rapid growth of new energy vehicle ownership, the energy consumption of electric vehicles in low temperature environments has begun to become a hotspot of consumer concern as well as a pain point for enterprise research and development. In order to explore the reasons for the growth of energy consumption of electric vehicles under low temperature, this paper determines the low temperature energy consumption test cycle as CLTC-P (Chinese Light Duty Driving Test Cycle) based on the actual road travelling characteristics of a typical city in the north of China as well as the ambient temperature data in winter with a low-temperature test temperature is −10°C. Then a pure electric vehicle was selected to carry out the normal temperature and low temperature energy consumption test in the laboratory, and the energy flow of key components such as the electric drive system, high-voltage battery system, accessories, and air conditioning was collected in the test process, and the calculation results showed that the whole vehicle energy consumption rate at −10°C was 109.3% higher than that at normal temperature, among which, the increase of accessory energy consumption, the increase of drive energy consumption, and the decrease of braking recycling energy had a significant impact on the overall energy consumption rate. Among them, the impacts of higher accessory energy consumption, higher drive energy consumption, and lower brake recovery energy on the increase in overall vehicle energy consumption rate are 66.4%, 27.6%, and 15.3%, respectively.