Mapping Severe Tropical Cyclone Tauktae Across the Arabian Sea and Western Coast of India Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning During May 2021

In May 2021, the Arabian Sea experienced the formation of a tropical supercyclone, "Tauktae," which resulted in extensive destruction throughout the coastline regions of Mumbai, Goa, and Gujarat. The cyclone initiated from a low-pressure system situated over the Bay of Bengal, progressively strengthening into the cyclonic storm named "Tauktae" and subsequently moving along the western coast of India. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of cyclones by utilizing higher rainfall estimations obtained from the Meteosat-8 satellite. The analysis of Meteosat-8 observations was conducted utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques. During the cyclone, there were notable quantities of precipitation that surpassed 600mm per day. The diurnal changes exhibited pronounced levels of precipitation, with rainfall rates reaching 50-60mm/hr in regions badly impacted by the cyclone, namely Gujarat, Mumbai, and Goa. The study area encountered a substantial precipitation event on May 20, 2021, with an estimated rainfall accumulation of around 650mm. The cyclone “Tauktae" exhibited a northwestward trajectory with a velocity of 16 kilometers per hour across the Arabian Sea. Its point of origin was located at a latitude of $16.2^{\circ}\mathrm{N}$ and a longitude of $72.6^{\circ}\mathrm{E}$, precisely around 1430 Indian Standard Time (IST).The region of Goa saw significant consequences of Cyclone Tauktae, which manifested in the form of powerful winds, elevated sea levels, and heavy precipitation. Moreover, the occurrence of heavy rainstorms on May 20th resulted in significant cumulative precipitation, which subsequently caused landslides and catastrophic flash flooding in multiple regions along India's western coastline. The current investigation highlights the significance of employing high-resolution satellite data and machine learning techniques for real-time mapping and monitoring of atmospheric parameters. This approach is crucial for the successful implementation of catastrophe mitigation methods. Through the utilization of cutting-edge satellite technology and the meticulous analysis of up-to-the-minute data, policymakers and authorities responsible for disaster management can acquire invaluable knowledge pertaining to the characteristics and severity of cyclonic occurrences such as Tauktae. This understanding is crucial for developing effective ways to lessen the impact of such disasters and protect vulnerable coastal populations. This study highlights the importance of obtaining timely and precise information through the use of high-resolution satellite observations in the context of disaster management and preparedness.