Design and Analysis of UWB Fractal Array Antenna for 5G and Millimeter Wave Communication

This paper proposes a fractal-inspired Array antenna designed for 5G millimeter-wave applications, aiming to meet the demands of the modern scenario for high-gain, compact, and low-profile antennas capable of high data rate communication with multiple devices. The antenna is developed over an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of $39.2\times 39.2\mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}^{2}$. By incorporating the Sierpinski carpet fractal, the antenna exhibits ultra-wideband behavior with multiple notches, making it highly versatile for various wireless communication applications. Operating within the 24-40 GHz frequency range, the proposed antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.8 dBi and a front-to-back ratio of 10.5 dB. It demonstrates multiple resonant notches over wide bands, showing peak return loss values of 29, 30, 33, and 46.21 dB at 28.68, 29.68, 33.21, and 38.62 GHz, respectively. Implementing CST Studio Suite 2022 and validation with a Vector Network Analyzer has verified the antenna’s performance. The versatile nature of this antenna makes it suitable for applications in n-257, n-258, n-259, n-260, and n-261 bands, meeting the requirements of modern wireless communication scenarios with high efficiency and performance.