Modelling Technique for GDPR-Compliance: Toward a Comprehensive Solution

Data-driven applications and services have been increasingly deployed in all aspects of life including healthcare and medical services in which a huge amount of personal data is collected, aggregated, and processed in a centralised server from various sources. As a consequence, preserving the data privacy and security of these applications is of paramount importance. Since May 2018, the new data protection legislation in the EU/UK, namely the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), has come into force and this has called for a critical need for modelling compliance with the GDPR's sophisticated requirements. Existing threat modelling techniques are not designed to model GDPR compliance, particularly in a complex system where personal data is collected, processed, manipulated, and shared with third parties. In this paper, we present a novel comprehensive solution for developing a threat modelling technique to address threats of non-compliance and mitigate them by taking GDPR requirements as the baseline and combining them with the existing security and privacy modelling techniques (i.e., STRIDE and LINDDUN, respectively). For this purpose, we propose a new data flow diagram integrated with the GDPR principles, develop a knowledge base for the non-compliance threats, and leverage an inference engine for reasoning the GDPR non-compliance threats over the knowledge base. Finally, we demonstrate our solution for threats of non-compliance with legal basis and accountability in a telehealth system to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution.