Image Authentication and Tamper Localization Based on Embedded Pixel-wise Check Code

In the digital era, images serve as an important means of information transmission and communication. The authenticity and integrity of images are crucial for the credibility of information. Image authentication technology can verify the source and integrity of images, ensuring that the image content has not been tampered with or forged, thus enhancing the credibility of information. There are two types of authentication methods based on application scenarios, namely active and passive authentication. Passive authentication technology is based on the characteristics of specific images, so it cannot be extended to any image. In this paper, we propose a novel active image authentication technique based on pixel-wise check code. On the premise of maintaining image fidelity, which is the basic requirement of data hiding technology, the pixel check code is hidden in the pixel itself. The method enables the image receiver to accurately detect and locate any size tampering on the image. Through a large number of experiments, we verified the feasibility of the technical solution and the expected performance.