I. Introduction
In recent years, Electric vehicles (EVs) are getting more attention because of less running costs, less pollution to the environment, shortage of fuel, and cost of fuel (petrol/diesel). Electric vehicles have emerged as an innovative and sustainable solution to the environmental and new energy challenges posed by the transportation sector including in the battery industries. As the global automotive industry changes its attention towards electrification, plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles have gained interest as possibilities to reduce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and protect the environment from air pollution with renewable energy resources. Electric vehicles are known for their low-carbon electricity and high energy efficiency of electric motors, contributing significantly to energy saving and environmental protection when compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The major parts of an EV, first the motor with a controller is one of the most essential components that ensure its performance and functionality, and secondly battery type and its technology. There are different kinds of motors used in electric vehicles, each with distinctive features in how it operates for the vehicle types. The selection of a suitable motor for electric vehicles is influenced by several factors, such as high efficiency, torque density, constant power at high speeds, smoothness, and ease of control [1]. Currently, the most commonly used motor types in electric vehicles are Brushless DC (BLDC) motors, AC Induction motors, Permanent Magnet Synchronous motors (PMSM), and Switched Reluctance motors (SRM). Direct Current (DC) motors are commonly found in early models of EVs since they provide high starting torque and easy control. Nevertheless, DC motors have lower efficiency and less power at high speeds than other motors. Therefore, the DC motor's attraction in electric vehicle applications vanished after the rise of Induction and Synchronous motors. AC induction motors have emerged as a prominent candidate owing to their reliability, robustness, fewer maintenance requirements, and ability to work in harsh environments. Among all, Induction motors are mature technology due to their ruggedness less cost, and less maintenance compared to other AC competitors.