A Comparative Study of Design, Control Interlocking Logic, and Network Analysis in 132 kV Substations

The increasing demand for electricity, driven by economic growth and population expansion, necessitates the enhancement of electrical systems, particularly in the design of substations and other power system components. In a modern power system comprising power generation plants, transmission networks, diverse loads, and advanced substations equipped with automation and communication technologies, substations play a pivotal role alongside generators and transmission lines. This work undertakes a comparative analysis of 132 kV substations, focusing on their design and control interlocking logic. The design disparities are examined by assessing Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) and Air Insulated Substations (AIS) characteristics, while control interlocking logic differences are explored concerning the conditions for operating Circuit Breakers (CB), isolators, and earth switches. Moreover, network analysis is conducted encompassing load flow analysis and fault analysis.