Fire Hawk Optimizer Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation for Minimising Power Loss and Voltage Improvement

Integrating distributed generation (DG) into electric power systems offers several advantages, including loss reduction, peak demand savings, enhanced voltage profiles, and improved stability and reliability. However, improperly placing DG units can result in increased losses and compromised voltage profile issues. In this study, a fire hawk optimizer (FHO) algorithm is developed to strategically determine the optimal locations, sizes, and capacities of DG units. The FHO draws inspiration from the foraging actions of whistling kites, black kites, and brown falcons in nature. These avian species, collectively referred to as Fire Hawks, exhibit distinct behaviors to capture prey, notably utilizing fire as a strategic tool. The primary focus is on minimizing real power losses and enhancing voltage magnitude profiles. To validate the approach, the 57-bus system is employed as a test case. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing power losses and improving voltage profiles through the strategic integration of DG units in optimal locations with appropriate sizing.