Analysis of the Controller’s Stability for Multi-Area Power Systems with a Variety of Energy Sources Using Automatic Generation Control (AGC)

The implementation of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is crucial in the management of system frequency and tie-line powers within large-scale multi-area interconnected power systems, ensuring that these parameters remain at their designated nominal levels. The scope of our research is a thorough examination of the analysis of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller employed in the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of multi-area power systems that integrate various sources of energy. The first phase of the study entails analyzing a reheat thermal power system with two areas, which exhibits a Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) that is deemed adequate. The utilization of optimization criteria is employed to formulate the design problem, with the aim of optimizing the requisite parameters of the PID controller. The efficacy of the proposed PID controller has been substantiated within the framework of the interlinked power system. Furthermore, the proposed technique has been expanded to include power systems comprising two regions, incorporating a variety of generation sources such as thermal, hydro, wind, and diesel units. The components encompassed under the system model include the boiler dynamics, the Governor Response Characteristic (GRC), and the Governor Dead Band (GDB). Upon comparing the simulation findings with those previously published in the literature, it is observed that the proposed approach exhibits superior dynamic responses in terms of performance. Moreover, the scope of the study encompasses three thermal power systems of varying areas, each equipped with unique controllers. The obtained results are then compared to the previously published findings on FA-optimized PIDD controllers for the same system being analyzed.