Design and Development of a Flower-shaped Fractal Multiband Antenna for Vehicle Communication

In this paper, flower-shaped multiband antenna is proposed for vehicle communication application. The fractal design structure incorporates multiband performance of antenna. A circular radiating element is used in this design with unique partial ground plane. An antenna is designed using partial ground plane with a circular split ring resonator (SRR) in the ground plane. It is fabricated using FR4 (Flame-retardant epoxy with a relative permittivity of 4.4) substrate material of size $50\text{mm} \times 40\text{mm} \times 1.6$ mm. This antenna is designed to operate in Long-Term Evolution (LTE2600), Sub-6GHz 5G and V2X (Vehicle to everything communication). Achieving a peak gain of 5.22 dB, maintaining a reflection coefficient below −10 dB, and attaining an 85% radiation efficiency across the entire frequency spectrum, the antenna has undergone successful prototyping. Measurement results exhibit a robust alignment with simulation outcomes, affirming the precision and dependability of the design. This validation underscores the accuracy of the antenna’s performance.