Simulation-Based Traffic Management Model to Minimize the Vehicle Congestion in Traffic Signals

The proliferation of technological advancements within urban areas attracts individuals to urban centers, thereby resulting in a surge of vehicular congestion during periods of high demand. Nevertheless, the problem of congestion at points of intersection plays a substantial role in the initiation and spread of traffic congestion. The majority of conventional methods for traffic control require a greater degree of computational intricacy. However, the duration of traffic light cycles remains consistent and equal for all directions with lane control, which causes unnecessary vehicle congestion. In this paper, we propose a model that additionally utilizes an approach to dynamically adjust traffic light schedules in four-way intersections in real-time, taking into consideration variations in traffic density. We have also considered mainly two traffic scenarios, such as light traffic conditions and heavy traffic conditions. In our simulation experiment, it is clearly seen that our proposed approach of dynamically changing the traffic light schedule outperforms conventional traffic control with a fixed time duration. Therefore, our proposed model has the potential to serve as the preferred choice for transportation planning in smart-city-oriented transport systems.

I. Introduction

In connection with the rise in human population, the rapid expansion of automobiles has caused congestion, pollution, and logistical transportation delays in major metropolitan areas [1], [2]. Therefore, real-time, accurate, and efficient trans-portation, a comprehensive transportation management system is essential [3]. The goal of smart transportation engineering is to comprehensively manage resources and vehicles in the transportation field through the integration of vehicle networking technology, artificial intelligence (AI) technology, Fog Computing, Cloud Computing and Embedded sensor-based technology [1], [2], [4], [5]. This integration of technology paves the way toward a more mechanized and intelligently managed and automated system. This could be achieved with the proper management of two dependable elements, such as congestion management and traffic control. Congestion, delays, and an increased death toll are some of the problems that arise from improper management of them [2], [6].