Gaussian Variation-Based Whale Optimization Algorithm for Indoor Visible 3D Localization

Visible light localization is a promising localization method for applications, especially using photodiodes based on received signal strength, with simple equipment deployment and high localization accuracy. To address the problem that when the PD position is shifted causing it to produce an angle change, the normal vector is no longer parallel to the LED normal vector. In this paper, a Gaussian variate whale optimization algorithm is proposed to reduce the error caused by PD tilting. Static simulations were carried out at four heights of 0 m, 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m in a 5 m x 5 m x 5 m space. The results showed that the average error of Gaussian variant whale optimization algorithm was 2.787cm. The spiral curve was also simulated and tested, and the average error of the algorithm was reduced by 24 % after adding the angle as a parameter compared to when the angle was not considered.