Triple Band Frequency Reconfigurable mmWave Antenna Design for 5G Applications

As the need for fifth-generation (5G) technology continues to rise, a reconfigurable antenna has been developed in this work that operates in the millimeter-wave spectrum (23.5 GHz–29.64 GHz). This design is obtained by merging a half circle radius of 3.97 mm, and a half ring outer radius of 4 mm with a width of 0.255. The shape is similar to the round bottom flask. Two PIN diodes are used in this design to achieve frequency reconfigurability and various radiation patterns, to meet the wideband mobile communication need of the future 5G. Rogers RT 5880, with a thickness of 0.787 mm and properties of relative permittivity εᵣ = 2.2 and loss tangent (tan(δ)) = 0.0009, has been used as the antenna substrate. The small antenna element has an excellent end-fire radiation pattern in the desired frequency bands. The antenna shows three reconfigurable bands while offering good bandwidth, return loss, and gain performance. The suggested antenna is suitable for future (5G) networks because of its small overall size (9.8 × 13× 0.787 mm
³
), wide bandwidth, and frequency reconfigurability.