Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Chest X-Rays Images for COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review

There is an ongoing worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Medical imaging like Chest X-rays (CXR) is essential in the fight against COVID-19; Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies help medical specialists and increase the efficiency of imaging tools. With various positive stories, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) were utilized daily in many ways. Also, they were vital in dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak. Many scientific research institutions, companies, and states are fighting against the spread of COVID-19 through a quick diagnosis. The paper discusses the AI-based ML and DL approaches for diagnosing and treating COVID-19 by CXR. In addition, AI-based DL and ML methods, along with the provided tools, CXR images of datasets, and performance in tackling COVID-19, are summarized in this work. Dealing with data of the CXR images needs dataset preprocessing through choosing the optimal method for getting speed and best accuracy. This paper reviews different techniques for preprocessing the CXR images of the dataset before applying ML or DL models. The presented survey offers a thorough overview of current advanced ML and DL research methods and describes how ML and DL might enhance COVID-19 status diagnosis. Also, this study provides details on future directions and challenges, mainly focusing on integrating ML and DL using CXR. Finally, this survey offers a handy guide for the researchers to choose the best modality and the most convenient ML and DL algorithm to detect the COVID-19 virus automatically with high accuracy using CXR images.