Energy Storage System and Renewable Energy Planning for Green Internet Data Center Considering Temporal and Spatial Load Regulation

Given the growing concerns over environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions, the idea of sustainable development has gained traction. As the computational load in Internet Data Centers (IDCs) continues to increase, they have become a new type of electricity load in the power sector. Yet, if IDCs operate on an electricity grid powered primarily by fossil fuels, they indirectly contribute to carbon emissions, especially if the energy is sourced from thermal generators. This article suggests a combined approach of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and renewable energy planning that emphasizes both spatial and temporal load adjustments to promote eco-friendly computation in IDCs. This planning framework integrates renewable energy sources and BESS to cut down on carbon emissions. The IDC's load management, both in terms of space and time, is tailored to complement the renewable energy and BESS. We introduce a formula for carbon intensity evolution and a modified carbon emission flow (CEF) to measure and monitor the IDCs' indirect carbon emissions. The economic viability and carbon-reducing potential of this proposed method are highlighted through various case studies.