Economic Potential of V2G in Electricity Markets – A Systematic Literature Review

This paper addresses the economic potential of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications in electricity markets. While V2G enabled by bidirectional charging offers flexibility to power grids, its adoption largely depends on the economic potential of stakeholders. Several papers have examined V2G revenue potential using different modeling approaches and have shown the potential for different markets. However, there is a lack of work that compares the results in terms of economic potential and classifies them at the level of geographic areas and electricity market segments. In this paper, we address this research gap by reviewing 81 publications evaluating the economic viability of V2G. Revenue potentials range widely, from approximately 8 € to 7,348 €.