Investigation on Mathematical Models and Emulators in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater wireless communication is of paramount importance for various critical applications, including military surveillance, navigation, disaster prevention, and commercial activities. While terrestrial networks have made significant strides in protocol development and resource allocation, the unique underwater environment poses distinctive challenges that cannot be addressed by traditional wireless communication protocols. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the hurdles associated with Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) deployment, encompassing architectural considerations, protocol design, energy efficiency, communication channel allocation, and routing strategies. A crucial aspect of preparing for successful UWSN deployment is the creation of mathematical models that allow for the evaluation of performance metrics in the challenging underwater environment. Such models serve as a vital tool for predicting the behavior of communication systems and optimizing their performance before actual deployment. In this paper, we delve into the significance of constructing mathematical models tailored to the underwater environment, shedding light on how they can aid in the analysis of system performance. Furthermore, this paper provides a valuable resource by listing and discussing suitable mathematical approaches that can be applied to the unique underwater environment. These approaches are indispensable for the development of efficient underwater communication systems and applications. By addressing the challenges and emphasizing the importance of mathematical modeling, this research contributes to the advancement of underwater wireless communication technologies, facilitating their widespread and effective use in critical domains.