Downlink Satellite Network Analysis with Beam Gain in Shadowing Channel

Satellite communications offer the potential of ensuring global coverage with a substantial capacity. In this paper, we examine the coverage performance of satellite networks by considering a distance-dependent line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channel propagation probability, which takes into account the shadowing effect. Building upon the stochastic geometry-based network analysis used for terrestrial networks, we employ a Poisson point process to model both the satellite network and its users. Through this approach, we derive a theoretical expression for the coverage probability with beam gain under a nearest satellite association rule, providing an analytical understanding of the satellite network. The accuracy of the derived expression is confirmed through simulation results. The derived expression encompasses various network parameters such as satellite density, altitude, channel fading, pathloss, LOS probability, and beam gain, offering valuable insights into satellite networks.