Study of aircraft skin defect detection and characterization methods

With the development of modern vehicle functions and technologies, surface geometry defects such as dents and cracks generated during the assembly and service of a vehicle not only endanger flight safety and reduce load capacity but also limit its functional characteristics. Accurate detection of surface geometry defects is critical, and these defects must be controlled within a small margin of error. However, conventional methods have difficulty meeting practical requirements in terms of detection accuracy and measurement size. In this paper, based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the aircraft surface, an aircraft skin defect detection and characterization method is proposed, which processes the defect point cloud data, combines the segmentation algorithm of area growth to detect defects, and analyzes the geometric analysis and characterization through the depth of defects to achieve the accurate measurement of defects, and the experimental results show that the measurement of round holes with different depths of standard parts, the measurement results and the true value of The error are less than 0.05mm; the measurement of the outer surface of the aircraft engine compartment can detect different types of defects such as scratches or dents, and the method in this paper can be extended to the defect detection field of other large industrial equipment