A Honeycomb-Structured Fractal Multiband Antenna for Vehicle Communication

This research introduces a novel multiband antenna design featuring a honeycomb-like structure. The outer contour of the antenna takes the shape of the alphabet ‘G,’ while the inner part of the ‘G’ is filled with hexagonal shapes resembling a honeycomb structure. This innovative design enables the antenna to support a wide range of applications, including 3G, 4G, 5G, WLAN, Bluetooth, V2X, and others. The antenna's operational frequency spans from 850 MHz to 5.9 GHz. Fabricated on a FR4 dielectric board measuring
$35\times 68\times 1.6\ \text{mm}^{3}$
, with a dielectric constant of 4.4, the antenna exhibits excellent performance with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) below 2 within the desired frequency band. The antenna's maximum realized gain over frequency and theta (for
$\text{Phi}=0^{\circ}$
and 90°) reaches up to 7.43 dBi. Importantly, the measurement results validate the simulation results, indicating the reliability and accuracy of the proposed design.