Design Trade-offs between Patch and Horn Antenna for Self-Sustained Wireless IoT Sensor Node

In this work, we propose trade-offs between patch and horn antenna designs in terms of frequency, gain, power and area for self-sustained wireless IoT sensors. Regardless of having a minimum area, a single patch stub antenna cannot support self-sustained IoT-sensor operation. Similarly, the horn antenna having ≈5x more gain and ≈2x more power compared to the stub, cannot aid self-sustained operation unless a dedicated source is used. Thus, as a proof of concept, a horn antenna designed at 10dB gain with a dedicated source has been shown to harvest enough power for self-sustained operation at a reduction of ≈3.8x harvested power, ≈2.5x length and ≈2.8x width compared to that of the horn antenna at 15dB gain.