Extraction Formula for Microstrip Antenna as Soil Water Content Sensor

Assessing and monitoring the soil fertility level relies on the crucial factor of soil water content, as it helps prevent late detection of water deficit, which could lead to crop failure. A cost-effective and efficient method to measure soil water content has been proposed in this research which using microstrip antenna as indirect measurement. The findings indicate that microstrip antenna have potential to serve as highly sensitivities sensors to precisely measure soil water content by analyze the electric characteristic of the soil, dielectric permittivity. As further investigation, it is essential to established connection between dielectric permittivity and the antenna parameter, specifically the resonant frequency. This research has successfully extracted a formula by examining the relationship between both parameters, enabling the estimation of soil water content percentage. This paper shows that extraction formula can be obtained by considering theoretical approaches, numerical results and the discrepancies between them. The research demonstrates the proposed microstrip antenna sensor and derived extraction formulation can achieve accurate detection of soil water content.