Bandwidth Widening of A Planar Monopole Antenna Using Spline Shaping Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents an attempt to widen the bandwidth response of a planar monopole antenna using a spline-based patch geometry representing an ovoid shape. The spline curvature is formed by arranging 10 control nodes with a symmetrical property, so position shifts to widen the bandwidth are carried out only on five control nodes. The attempt is conducted by changing the position of nodes through characterization to produce the antenna that works from the frequency of 3.75 GHz to observations at 20 GHz. These findings are followed by optimization based on the genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results show that the antenna bandwidth is improved, working from the frequency of 3.27 GHz to 20 GHz or with the geometrical bandwidth of 206.9%. These results are then verified by measurements, yielding the measured bandwidth from the frequency of 4.03 GHz to 20 GHz or with the geometrical bandwidth of 177.9%.