Polarization and Dispersion Properties of Electromagnetic Waves Propagation and Their Applications in Radio Engineering, Information Systems and Telecommunications

Presented work discusses polarization and dispersion properties of electromagnetic waves in the process of their propagation in homogeneous media. General mathematical solutions for the direct and backward electromagnetic waves were obtained from the Helmholtz equations. Linear, elliptical and circular types of polarizations were extracted from the general formulas describing general type of electromagnetic waves. The application areas of electromagnetic waves, which take into account advantages of different types of polarizations, are listed. We have highlighted benefits of utilization of electromagnetic waves with orthogonal circular polarizations in radars, satellite communications and mobile information systems. In addition, the formulas for phase, group and energy propagation velocities of electromagnetic waves were obtained for media with losses. The dependences of the velocities of phase front, group of waves and energy propagation on the tangent of electric losses angle are presented. Obtained formulations can be applied for the development of modern radio engineering, information and communication systems, which apply electromagnetic waves.