A Review of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of sensor nodes (SNs) deployed for various purposes such as target tracking, target monitoring and localization. The rising need for individuals to access localization-based services has given rise to the emergence of localization techniques in WSN s. Localization means acquiring some information about objects of interest from multiple points in a particular location or area. Applications of localization can be found in autonomous vehicles, Internet of Things etc. This study presents an analysis and review of localization techniques in WSNs. We identified the merits and the demerits of different localization techniques. Future research on localization in WSN should focus on; developing a secure 3-D localization technique for underwater ecosystems and development of an efficient localization technique that can adapt for different environments, both indoor and outdoor.