Optimal Utilization of Load Frequency Control in the Future Pakistan Power System

In Pakistan, the escalating demand for electricity has significantly strained the national grid, resulting in frequent power outages and an unreliable energy supply. The country's power grid currently relies on a manual dispatch control mechanism to manage the daily electricity demand and supply, which is inefficient and often leads to delayed responses. These delays occasionally exceed the specified timeframe for a particular control level, resulting in tripping incidents. Furthermore, the government aims to prioritize integrating large-scale renewable energy sources; however, their intermittent nature leads to forecasting errors, necessitating additional balancing power. Traditionally, such reserves are provided by costly and environmentally harmful conventional generating units. This research paper proposes a dynamic Load Frequency Control (LFC) system for Pakistan's future power system to maintain a power balance by regulating the network frequency. An optimal dynamic dispatch strategy has been developed for the LFC model to enhance reliable and secure operation, considering real-time constraints such as economic dispatch and the availability of generating unit reserves. Furthermore, the dispatch strategy combines wind and conventional power plant reserves, and simulations using DIgSILENT software show that it improves system security and reduces reliance on conventional reserves.