Design and Fabrication of 3D Bioprinter for Tissue Engineering: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives

Several advancements in material production technologies have occurred over the last few decades. Additive manufacturing (AM), often known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a three-dimensional object manufacturing process that involves adding material per layer from a digital file generated by a computer program. A 3D printer was the equipment utilized in AM. When orthopedic doctors and tissue engineering professionals saw the use of this technology to produce gadgets and models to aid in surgical procedures, as well as tissue printing and cultivation, 3D bio-printing gained significance in health. Bio-inks/hydrogels containing cells, medicines, and growth modulators are utilized in bio-printing to create scaffolds and cellular 3D structures. It is a process that utilizes computer-aided design (CAD) data to create three-dimensional objects through the successive accumulation of materials. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various industrial sectors and production lines by reducing time and cost while producing more efficient products. The aerospace, automobile, and healthcare industries are particularly poised to benefit from the mass production capabilities of AM. A particularly promising application of this technology is 3D bioprinting, which involves the creation of 3D structures. This research involves the creation of a 3D bio-printing platform based on extrusion for manufacturing hydrogels. To expel the biomaterial, a bio-extruder with an adjustable syringe pump holder is used. While the syringe pump holder is designed to securely hold syringes of various sizes, ranging from 1ml to 5ml. The syringe pump holder is adjustable to accommodate different syringe diameters and lengths.