State of Art: Climate and Wave Monitoring Tools

The climate and wave conditions are influenced by various meteorological variables that have an impact on economic, social, and human activities around the world. The study of waves plays an important role in understanding climatic conditions due to the exchange of heat and energy between the atmosphere and the ocean. The purpose of this research is to determine the tools and technologies implemented for climate and wave monitoring. The methodology used in this study is the PRISMA methodology, which can be used in systematic reviews of any kind to ensure transparency in research. It was determined that the most commonly used monitoring tools are remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and in situ monitoring. The technological components of each tool were found to belong to remote sensing, with satellites; artificial intelligence, including neural networks and machine learning, and in the case of in situ monitoring, weather stations. Furthermore, significant sectors affected by climate and wave conditions were identified, with the agricultural sector being the primary one, along with the energy sector and coastal areas. Last but not least, the most studied climate elements were established, resulting in wave conditions, rainfall, drought, radiation, and wind. Finally, the situation of Honduras regarding climate and wave monitoring was analyzed, revealing that the country does not have a favorable position, with a severely limited availability of monitoring tools.