Enhancing Efficiency and Stability in 2D DJ Perovskite Solar Cells by Varying Acceptor Density

Due to their highly controllable photophysical characteristics and better environmental stability over three-dimensional (3D) and 2D perovskite have gained attention as developing photovoltaic materials. Pentamethylenediamine (PeDA), a Penta-methylene-based bulky dictation spacer, was rigorously optimised in this work utilising SCAPS-1D software. It was then incorporated into a 2D Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskite by altering the acceptor density from 10
¹⁰
to 10
¹⁹
. The effective deployment of PeDA resulted in the creation of 2D DJ perovskite, (PeDA)MA
n-1
Pb
n
I
3n
+1 where n=6, preferred vertical co-ordination, and expanded spatially resolved carriers. The optimised device, which utilise the (PeDA)MA
n-1
Pb
n
I
3n
+1 perovskite, obtained a record-breaking efficiency of 10.75%, breaking the previous mark for aromatic spacer-based 2D DJ perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Prominently, both light soaking steadiness and temperature stability were greatly increased in the 2D DJ perovskite devices, demonstrating their long-term performance promise. These surprising results show that highly effectual and unchanging 2D DJ PSCs may be obtained by using Penta-methylene-based aromatic spacers and employing excellent device engineering. These findings point to a promising future for 2D perovskite technology and its applications in durable and sustainable solar devices.