Optimizing Electricity Bill, Grid Performance, and User Satisfaction in a Comprehensive Home Energy Management System with Electric Vehicles and Home-to-Grid Capabilities

In the era of smart grid advancements, innovative techniques, and control methods empower consumers to embrace flexible electricity transactions. Consequently, the pressing need arises for a home energy management system that fosters efficient energy consumption, user satisfaction, and adherence to grid requirements. This research study introduces a comprehensive home energy management system that seamlessly integrates solar PV and electric vehicles. The primary objective of the system is to minimize electricity bill, system peak-to-average ratio as grid performance index, and user discomfort. Binary particle swarm optimization is employed as an efficient optimization tool to achieve optimal results. The home energy management system incorporates Home-to-Grid capability, enabling surplus PV generation, electric vehicles battery and energy storage system power to be fed back to the grid. The implemented scheme achieves a remarkable 64.77 % cost reduction compared to the base price with HEMS, while also reducing PAR and DI by 22.67% and 21.42% respectively.