Unlocking Solar Potential: Maximizing Efficiency through Donor Density Variations in MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

The SCAPS simulation program is used in the study to look into the impact of donor density variations on the concert of MAPbI
3
based photovoltaic (PV) cells. In order to determine its effect on the PV parameters J
SC
, V
OC
, and FF, the donor density in a perovskite buffer film based on MAPbI
3
is being changed in this investigation. Graphs for EQE, J-V curves, PV parameters and EBD are used to display the results. For an understanding of the cell's functionality, it is essential to see how the EBD depicts the energy levels of charge carriers in distinct PV cell layers. Additionally, a rise in acceptor density results in a beneficial boost in V
OC
, although a rise in acceptor density causes a modest decline in J
SC
due to fewer available charge carriers. EQE is unaffected by variations in donor density. According to the research, increasing donor density causes FF to steadily increase, indicating improved charge extraction and decreased recombination. In the end, a donor density of 1 x 10
¹⁹
cm
^-3
results in the optimal PV properties, such as FF of 81.44%, J
SC
of 15.46 mA/cm
²
, V
OC
of 1.33V, and PCE of 16.77%. These discoveries open the door to more effective and sustainable solar energy conversion while also having important implications for improving PSCs and developing renewable energy technology.