Characterization of Electromagnetic Materials under 2D/3D Rotational Magnetization

The properties of electromagnetic materials play a key role in designing electromagnetic devices such as electrical machines and transformers. Although the magnetic fields in these devices are generally two-dimensional (2D) or even three-dimensional (3D) and rotational, the material properties obtained from one-dimensional (1D) alternating magnetization are commonly used due to the lack of available data. This has hindered the development of high-performance electromagnetic devices such as high-speed high-power-density electric motors. This paper aims to present an overview about the characterization of 2D/3D vectorial magnetic properties of various advanced electromagnetic materials such as soft magnetic composite, nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic material, magneto-rheological fluid and elastomer, and high-temperature superconductor.